Awesome to work in CLI [Not for Masters but for Beginners]

Lets say its HOT! I just started to work in command line. Its awesome, its reliable, fast and powerful. So this is to give some basics of CLI for beginners.  First I started it with getting know to move around the the file system. Because its always good to start in level 0.

            Fire up your terminel/konsole (I prefer Yakuake for this. But its upto you to make the choice). Type the following commands,

pwd        -it gives the present working directory. 

           

 

ls              - show you the directories and files which is in your present/home                                              directory

 

 

cd             - user can access a  directory wich is in the home diretory by giving                                              the spesific directory name with cd

                                    example: cd directory_name

 

cd ..          - user can exit/go back from the current directory to its parent directory

 

ls           - list the items in the directory.  If the user wants to view this info in long format, type ls -l

               If he/she wants to the view all the files including the hidden files, he/she can use ls -al or ls a

   

When using this ls command, it explains a lot. consider the example,

 

ls -l

 

 

I have divided this into 9 parts to make it easy to explain.

1. the 1^st character is to say the file type.  ‘d’ = directory ,’-’ = normal file & ‘l’ = symbolic link
2. indicates the  permission pattern. In here there are 3 types of parties and gives permission for 3 different type of actions. The 3 parties are,

A-  Owner of  file                     B-  Member of Group              C- World

The 3 actions are,

r- read              w- write           x- execute

According to my example, the Owner have permission to Read, Write and Execute. But the Group member and World have permission only to Read and Execute.

1.  Number of  links to file or directory contents
2. Owners name
3. Name of the group
4. Size of the file
5. Date last modified
6. Time last modified
7. Name of the directory/file. According to me the directory name is ‘Blender’

 

 

 Ok now I type su and enter root password to get root privileges. then I type,

chmod 575 Blender  and press enter.

Notice the difference,

 

chmod-575 blender

            The permission pattern has changed. The reason is,

7=111 in binary = rwx and 5= 101 in binary = r-x  . This is the way to assign permision.

 

            You can change the ‘Group’ by giving the following command,

chgrp user file                        watch how I have don it,

chgrp

to change the ownership give this command,

chown name file          same as the above.

            Ok enough CLI for this post. But here on I m going to continue this awesome work and share the experience with you! Finally command your computer to shutdown after a minute !

            shoutdown  1

 

 

For more action visite

www.tldp.org

www.freeengineer.org

                                               

                                                      …………………..later…………………….

 

..:: Installing the NVIDIA Display Driver in Linux Mint ::..

I tried to do this in several ways. They all failed but left me error message no my screen. But spending some time with the command line I succeeded.   First if you need to find your NVIDIA display driver visit www.nvidia.com and download it. The driver which I downloaded is ‘NVIDIA-Linux-x86-96.43.05-pkg1.run’ (for my old 64mb Geforce2 MX 400 card). You cannot install it by simply double clicking on it in the graphical mode. When the xserver is running you cannot perform this task. So let’s shut it down,

 

0.       First press   “Ctrl + Alt + F1” from the GUI.

This gives you a real terminal.

 

1.       Then enter this code

sudo  /etc/init.d/kdm   stop                        ß for KDE users.

This is important. If you are a gnome user, ‘kdm’(K desktop manager) should replace with ‘gdm’(gnome desktop manager) .

Sudo  /etc/init.d/gdm   stop                       ßfor Gnome users.

This will stop the xserver by shutting down the desktop manager.

 

2.       Now go to the location where you have put the driver file.

 

3.       Run the file by typing the name of the file with ‘sh’

Example:

sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-96.43.05-pkg1.run

This will give you some splash screens and then starts to install (may be before this it will ask you to be root). 

 

4.       After the installation type this code to start  kdm

  sudo  /etc/init.d/kdm   start

                                Or

You can simply start the the  xserver by typing ‘starx’ in command line or press

‘Ctrl + Alt + F7’. This will bring you back to the GUI mode.

 

All DONE. Now it’s better to reboot your system.

 

**This method is for users who doesnt have an internet connection at their home.**